Types of tests
Viral tests are essential in detecting a current infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. These tests typically involve collecting specimens from your nose or mouth. There are two main types of viral tests available for COVID-19.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which include PCR tests, are considered the gold standard for COVID-19 testing. These tests are highly accurate in detecting the virus and are more likely to provide reliable results compared to antigen tests. Typically, a healthcare provider will collect your sample and send it to a laboratory for testing. Results may take up to 3 days to be received, although some NAATs can be performed at the point-of-care for quicker results.
Antigen Tests
Antigen tests are rapid tests that can produce results in as little as 15-30 minutes. While positive results from antigen tests are accurate, they are generally less sensitive in detecting the virus compared to NAATs, especially when symptoms are not present. Therefore, a single negative antigen test may not rule out infection. To ensure confidence in your results, the FDA recommends 2 negative antigen tests for individuals with symptoms or 3 antigen tests for those without symptoms, performed 48 hours apart. A NAAT test can be used to confirm the results of an antigen test.
When you get tested, it is crucial to choose the right type of test based on your circumstances. Following the recommendations provided by the FDA and the test’s manufacturer when using an antigen test is essential to ensure accurate results.
Choosing a COVID-19 test
If you have not had COVID-19 or a positive test within the past 90 days, you may opt for a NAAT or antigen test. In the case of a negative antigen test result, it is advisable to repeat testing as per FDA recommendations.
If you have tested positive for COVID-19 within the last 90 days, the approach to testing may vary based on the timing of your initial positive result and the presence of symptoms. Consulting a healthcare provider for guidance in such situations is recommended.
Getting a COVID-19 test
You can obtain self-tests (at-home tests) online, in pharmacies, or retail stores. Additionally, U.S. households will be eligible to order 4 free COVID-19 tests at COVIDTests.gov starting at the end of September. Community-based testing locations, such as pharmacies or health centers, also offer NAAT and antigen tests, often at low or no cost. Individuals without insurance may also access free testing through local health departments.
Interpreting your results
A positive COVID-19 test indicates the presence of the virus and an active or recent infection. It is crucial to take steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19, monitor symptoms, and seek medical care if necessary.
On the other hand, a negative COVID-19 test does not completely rule out the possibility of infection. If you have symptoms, you may have tested too early for the virus to be detectable, or you may have another viral infection. Taking precautions to protect yourself and others and consulting a healthcare provider for further guidance is recommended in such cases.
In conclusion, understanding the different types of COVID-19 tests, choosing the right test for your situation, and interpreting test results accurately are crucial steps in managing the spread of the virus and ensuring the health and safety of yourself and others.
