What Is HER2-Positive Breast Cancer?
HER2-positive breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that tests positive for a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This protein promotes the growth of cancer cells and is found in higher than normal levels in about 1 in 5 breast cancers. This type of breast cancer can be more aggressive and spread more quickly than HER2-negative breast cancers.
Causes of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
The exact cause of HER2-positive breast cancer is not known, but certain factors may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer. These factors include genetics, hormonal factors, lifestyle choices, and environmental exposures. Women who have a family history of breast cancer or carry certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, may have a higher risk of developing HER2-positive breast cancer.
Symptoms of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
The symptoms of HER2-positive breast cancer are similar to those of other types of breast cancer and may include a lump or swelling in the breast, changes in the size or shape of the breast, nipple discharge, or skin changes on the breast or nipple. It is important to see a healthcare provider if you notice any of these symptoms as early detection and treatment can improve outcomes.
Treatment for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer often involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone therapy. Targeted therapy specifically targets the HER2 protein in cancer cells and may include medications such as trastuzumab (Herceptin), pertuzumab (Perjeta), or ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla). These medications can help to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells and improve outcomes for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Prognosis for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
The prognosis for HER2-positive breast cancer can vary depending on the stage of the cancer at diagnosis, the type of treatment received, and other factors such as age and overall health. In general, HER2-positive breast cancer can be more aggressive than other types of breast cancer, but advances in treatment have significantly improved outcomes for patients with this type of cancer. It is important for patients to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan and to participate in regular follow-up care to monitor for any signs of recurrence.
Conclusion
HER2-positive breast cancer is a specific subtype of breast cancer that tests positive for the HER2 protein. This type of breast cancer can be more aggressive than other types of breast cancer, but targeted therapies have significantly improved outcomes for patients with this diagnosis. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment plans are key to effectively managing HER2-positive breast cancer and improving long-term survival rates.
FAQs
Q: What is the HER2 protein?
A: The HER2 protein is a receptor protein found on the surface of cells that promotes cell growth. In some cases of breast cancer, the HER2 protein is overexpressed, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the development of cancer.
Q: How is HER2-positive breast cancer diagnosed?
A: HER2-positive breast cancer is typically diagnosed through a biopsy, where a sample of tissue is taken from the breast and tested for the presence of the HER2 protein. Additional tests, such as imaging studies, may also be done to determine the stage of the cancer.
Q: What are the treatment options for HER2-positive breast cancer?
A: Treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer may include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone therapy. Targeted therapy medications specifically target the HER2 protein in cancer cells and have been shown to improve outcomes for patients with this type of breast cancer.
