What Does a High PSA Level Mean?

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the prostate gland. A PSA test measures the level of this protein in the blood. Elevated PSA levels can be a sign of various prostate conditions, including prostate cancer.

Causes of High PSA Levels

There are several reasons why a person may have a high PSA level:

• Prostate Cancer: One of the most serious causes of elevated PSA levels is prostate cancer. The higher the PSA level, the more likely it is that a person has prostate cancer.
• Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland, known as prostatitis, can also cause elevated PSA levels.
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that can lead to higher PSA levels.
• Urinary Tract Infection: Infections in the urinary tract can temporarily raise PSA levels.

Interpreting PSA Levels

PSA levels are typically measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). The following are general guidelines for interpreting PSA levels:

• PSA levels below 4 ng/mL are considered normal.
• PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL are considered moderately elevated.
• PSA levels above 10 ng/mL are considered significantly elevated.

What to Do If You Have High PSA Levels

If you have a high PSA level, your healthcare provider may recommend further testing to determine the cause. This may include a digital rectal exam (DRE), imaging tests, and possibly a prostate biopsy. Depending on the underlying cause of the elevated PSA levels, treatment options may include medication, surgery, or active surveillance.

Conclusion

High PSA levels can indicate various prostate conditions, including prostate cancer. It is important to follow up with your healthcare provider if you have elevated PSA levels to determine the cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

FAQs

Q: Can things like ejaculation or riding a bicycle affect PSA levels?

A: Yes, recent ejaculation, riding a bicycle, and certain medical procedures can temporarily raise PSA levels. It is recommended to avoid these activities before a PSA test to obtain an accurate result.

Q: Are there any lifestyle changes that can help lower PSA levels?

A: Some studies suggest that maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress can help lower PSA levels. However, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider before making any significant lifestyle changes.

Q: How often should I have a PSA test?

A: The frequency of PSA testing should be determined based on individual risk factors and discussions with your healthcare provider. In general, men at average risk for prostate cancer may consider starting PSA testing at age 50, while those at higher risk may begin testing earlier.